Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today, sentence 3

The past had big cities that outsiders forgot: Cahokia, by the Mississippi, was about as big as London around 1100, and Angkor in Cambodia was never really «lost», since monks and local people kept using its great temple.

Who acts: past, outsiders, monks · What happens: have, forget, be, not lose, keep, use · To what, where: big cities, Angkor, great temple · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (past, outsiders, monks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 past	det
2	past	past	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	nsubj
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 cities	amod
5	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	obj
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 forgot	obj
7	outsiders	outsider	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 forgot	nsubj
8	forgot	forget	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 cities	acl:relcl
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 Cahokia	punct
10	Cahokia	Cahokia	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 forgot	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 Mississippi	punct
12	by	by	ADP	_	14 Mississippi	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Mississippi	det
14	Mississippi	Mississippi	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Cahokia	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 big	punct
16	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 big	cop
17	about	about	ADV	_	19 big	advmod
18	as	as	ADV	_	19 big	advmod
19	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 Cahokia	conj
20	as	as	ADP	_	21 London	case
21	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 big	obl
22	around	around	ADP	_	23 1100	case
23	1100	1100	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 Cahokia	nmod
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 Angkor	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 Angkor	cc
26	Angkor	Angkor	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Cahokia	conj
27	in	in	ADP	_	28 Cambodia	case
28	Cambodia	Cambodia	PROPN	Number=Sing	26 Angkor	nmod
29	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	33 lost	aux:pass
30	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	33 lost	advmod
31	really	really	ADV	_	33 lost	advmod
32	«	«	PUNCT	_	33 lost	punct
33	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	26 Angkor	acl:relcl
34	»	»	PUNCT	_	33 lost	punct
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 lost	punct
36	since	since	SCONJ	_	41 kept	mark
37	monks	monk	NOUN	Number=Plur	41 kept	nsubj
38	and	and	CCONJ	_	40 people	cc
39	local	local	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 people	amod
40	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 monks	conj
41	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	33 lost	advcl
42	using	use	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	41 kept	xcomp
43	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	45 temple	nmod:poss
44	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	45 temple	amod
45	temple	temple	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 using	obj
46	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 had	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	past	the past	big cities		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Patient
2	forget	past	outsiders	big cities		tree rules
3	is	past	outsiders not said here		as London; about, big property	tree rules
4	not lose in a quote	past · passive		Angkor in Cambodia not said here		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»
5	keep	past	monks and local people			tree rules
6	use	gerund	monks and local people not said here	city's great temple		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temple=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:074-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/3/