Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe, sentence 9

In 1854 the doctor John Snow mapped cholera cases in London, found many around one water pump on Broad Street, and the pump handle was removed; his work helped show that dirty water, not bad air, spreads cholera.

Who acts: John, work, dirty water, London · What happens: map, find, remove, help, show, spread · To what, where: cholera cases, 1854, many, one water pump, pump handle, cholera · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (John, work, dirty water, London), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 1854	case
2	1854	1854	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 mapped	obl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 doctor	det
4	doctor	doctor	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 John	appos
5	John	John	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 found	nsubj
6	Snow	Snow	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 John	flat
7	mapped	map	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 found	conj
8	cholera	cholera	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cases	compound
9	cases	case	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 mapped	obj
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 London	case
11	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 cases	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 found	punct
13	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
14	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 found	obj
15	around	around	ADP	_	18 pump	case
16	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 pump	nummod
17	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 pump	compound
18	pump	pump	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 found	obl
19	on	on	ADP	_	21 Street	case
20	Broad	Broad	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 Street	compound
21	Street	Street	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 pump	nmod
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 removed	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 removed	cc
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 handle	det
25	pump	pump	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 handle	compound
26	handle	handle	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 removed	nsubj:pass
27	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	28 removed	aux:pass
28	removed	remove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 found	conj
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	32 helped	punct
30	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	31 work	nmod:poss
31	work	work	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 helped	nsubj
32	helped	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 found	conj
33	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	32 helped	xcomp
34	that	that	SCONJ	_	42 spreads	mark
35	dirty	dirty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 water	amod
36	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 spreads	nsubj
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	40 air	punct
38	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	39 bad	advmod
39	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 air	amod
40	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 water	conj
41	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 spreads	punct
42	spreads	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 show	ccomp
43	cholera	cholera	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 spreads	obj
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 found	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	map	participle	John not said here	cholera cases	1854	in London	tree rules
2	find	past	John	many	one water pump on Broad Street		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Topic
3	remove	past · passive		the pump handle			vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
4	help	past	London's work				vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
5	show	infinitive	London's work not said here				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
6	spread	present	dirty water and bad air	cholera			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cholera=Theme
7	work		London				nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/9/