Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today, sentence 11

Tall buildings became possible with steel frames and with safe lifts, shown by Elisha Otis in the 1850s, which stop the lift falling if a cable breaks.

Who acts: Tall buildings, 1850s, lift, cable · What happens: become, show, stop, falling, break · To what, where: 1850s

This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tall buildings, 1850s, lift, cable), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 buildings	amod
2	buildings	building	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 became	nsubj
3	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	possible	possible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 became	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 frames	case
6	steel	steel	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 frames	compound
7	frames	frame	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 possible	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 shown	cc
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 lifts	case
10	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 lifts	amod
11	lifts	lift	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 shown	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 lifts	punct
13	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 became	conj
14	by	by	ADP	_	16 Otis	case
15	Elisha	Elisha	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 Otis	compound
16	Otis	otis	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 shown	obl
17	in	in	ADP	_	19 1850s	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 1850s	det
19	1850s	1850	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	13 shown	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 1850s	punct
21	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	22 stop	nsubj
22	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 1850s	acl:relcl
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 lift	det
24	lift	lift	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 falling	nsubj
25	falling	falling	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	22 stop	xcomp
26	if	if	SCONJ	_	29 breaks	mark
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 cable	det
28	cable	cable	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 breaks	nsubj
29	breaks	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 falling	advcl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 became	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	become	past	Tall buildings		possible property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	show	participle	Tall buildings not said here	the 1850s	with safe lifts; by Elisha Otis	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	stop	present	the 1850s			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
4	falling	gerund	the lift			tree rules
5	break a condition, not said to happen	present	a cable			vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:074-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/11/