Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news, sentence 12

Chess began in India around 600 CE and spread to Persia, the Arab world and Europe; the queen became the strongest piece only around 1475, in Spain.

Who acts: Chess, queen · What happens: begin, spread, become · To what, where: 600 CE, India, Persia, strongest piece

This is a sentence of the lesson «Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chess, queen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chess	chess	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 began	nsubj
2	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 India	case
4	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 began	obl
5	around	around	ADV	_	6 600	advmod
6	600	600	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 CE	nummod
7	CE	ce	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 began	obl:unmarked
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 spread	cc
9	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 began	conj
10	to	to	ADP	_	11 Persia	case
11	Persia	Persia	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 spread	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 world	punct
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 world	det
14	Arab	Arab	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 world	amod
15	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 Persia	conj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 Europe	cc
17	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Persia	conj
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 became	punct
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 queen	det
20	queen	queen	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 became	nsubj
21	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 began	parataxis
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 piece	det
23	strongest	strong	ADJ	Degree=Sup	24 piece	amod
24	piece	piece	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 became	xcomp
25	only	only	ADV	_	27 1475	advmod
26	around	around	ADP	_	27 1475	case
27	1475	1475	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	24 piece	nmod
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 Spain	punct
29	in	in	ADP	_	30 Spain	case
30	Spain	Spain	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 began	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 began	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	begin	past	Chess	600 CE		India	in Spain	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	spread	past	Chess not said here		Persia and the Arab world and Europe			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	become	past	the queen	the strongest piece around 1475				vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:075-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/75-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news/12/