Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news, sentence 2
The letter A began as a little drawing of an ox's head, paper crept from China to Spain over a thousand years, chess was born in India, and a Cinderella story was written down in China around 850, long before any cartoon.
Who acts: letter, paper, head · What happens: begin, creep, bear, write down, draw · To what, where: Spain, China, chess, India, Cinderella story
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (letter, paper, head), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 letter | det |
| 2 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 began | nsubj |
| 3 | A | A | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 began | nsubj |
| 4 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 drawing | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 drawing | det |
| 7 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 drawing | amod |
| 8 | drawing | drawing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 began | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 head | case |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 ox | det |
| 11 | ox | ox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 head | nmod:poss |
| 12 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 11 ox | case |
| 13 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 drawing | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 crept | punct |
| 15 | paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 crept | nsubj |
| 16 | crept | creep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 began | parataxis |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 China | case |
| 18 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 crept | obl |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 Spain | case |
| 20 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 crept | obl |
| 21 | over | over | ADP | _ | 24 years | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 thousand | det |
| 23 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 24 years | nummod |
| 24 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 crept | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 born | punct |
| 26 | chess | chess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 born | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 born | aux:pass |
| 28 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 crept | conj |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 India | case |
| 30 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 born | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 written | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 written | cc |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 story | det |
| 34 | Cinderella | Cinderella | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 story | compound |
| 35 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 written | nsubj:pass |
| 36 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 written | aux:pass |
| 37 | written | write | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 began | conj |
| 38 | down | down | ADP | _ | 37 written | compound:prt |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 China | case |
| 40 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 written | obl |
| 41 | around | around | ADV | _ | 42 850 | advmod |
| 42 | 850 | 850 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 37 written | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 long | punct |
| 44 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 37 written | advmod |
| 45 | before | before | ADP | _ | 47 cartoon | case |
| 46 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 47 cartoon | det |
| 47 | cartoon | cartoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 written | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 began | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | the letter | as a little drawing of a ox's head | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | creep | past | paper | Spain | China | year | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to spain=Destination | ||
| 3 | bear | past · passive | chess | India | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 4 | write down | past · passive | a Cinderella story | China | before any cartoon | 850 obl; long property | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in china=Destination | ||
| 5 | draw | a ox's head | nom drawing «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:075-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/75-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news/2/