Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news, sentence 3
News used to travel at the speed of a horse or a ship; now it flies round the world in seconds, true and false alike, and studies suggest false stories can spread even faster than true ones.
Who acts: News, studies, false stories · What happens: use, travel, fly, suggest, spread · To what, where: speed, world · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (News, studies, false stories), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | News | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 used | nsubj |
| 2 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 4 travel | mark |
| 4 | travel | travel | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 used | xcomp |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 speed | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 speed | det |
| 7 | speed | speed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 travel | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 horse | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 horse | det |
| 10 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 speed | nmod |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 13 ship | cc |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 ship | det |
| 13 | ship | ship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 horse | conj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 flies | punct |
| 15 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 17 flies | advmod |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 flies | nsubj |
| 17 | flies | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 used | parataxis |
| 18 | round | round | ADP | _ | 20 world | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 world | det |
| 20 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 flies | obl |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 seconds | case |
| 22 | seconds | second | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 flies | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 true | punct |
| 24 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 seconds | amod |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 false | cc |
| 26 | false | false | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 true | conj |
| 27 | alike | alike | ADV | _ | 24 true | advmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 suggest | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 suggest | cc |
| 30 | studies | study | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 suggest | nsubj |
| 31 | suggest | suggest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 used | conj |
| 32 | false | false | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 stories | amod |
| 33 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 spread | nsubj |
| 34 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 spread | aux |
| 35 | spread | spread | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 suggest | ccomp |
| 36 | even | even | ADV | _ | 37 faster | advmod |
| 37 | faster | fast | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 35 spread | advmod |
| 38 | than | than | ADP | _ | 40 ones | case |
| 39 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 ones | amod |
| 40 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 faster | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 used | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | past | News | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | travel | to-infinitive | News not said here | the speed of a horse or a ship | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at speed=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | fly | present | News | the world | now; second | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme round world=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | suggest speech: suggest | present | studies | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | spread | can | false stories | fast property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:075-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/75-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news/3/