Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news, sentence 8

The alphabet began with signs made by workers in Egypt and Sinai around 1800 BCE; the first letter, which became A, was a picture of an ox's head.

Who acts: alphabet, first letter · What happens: begin, make, become, be · To what, where: signs, 1800, picture

This is a sentence of the lesson «Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (alphabet, first letter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 alphabet	det
2	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 began	nsubj
3	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 signs	case
5	signs	sign	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 began	obl
6	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 signs	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 workers	case
8	workers	worker	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 made	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 Egypt	case
10	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 workers	nmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 Sinai	cc
12	Sinai	Sinai	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Egypt	conj
13	around	around	ADP	_	14 1800	case
14	1800	1800	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 made	obl
15	BCE	BCE	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 1800	nmod:unmarked
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	27 picture	punct
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 letter	det
18	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	19 letter	amod
19	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 picture	nsubj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 became	punct
21	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	22 became	nsubj
22	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 letter	acl:relcl
23	A	A	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 became	xcomp
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 letter	punct
25	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	27 picture	cop
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 picture	det
27	picture	picture	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 began	parataxis
28	of	of	ADP	_	32 head	case
29	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 ox	det
30	ox	ox	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 head	nmod:poss
31	's	's	PART	_	30 ox	case
32	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 picture	nmod
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 began	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	begin	past	the alphabet			with signs	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with sign=Subeventuality
2	make	participle		signs not said here	1800 BCE	by workers in Egypt and Sinai	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
3	become	past	the first letter				vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
4	is a	past	the first letter	a picture		of a ox's head	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:075-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/75-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news/8/