When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides, sentence 1
In Europa Universalis you colonise «empty» provinces with a few natives in them, and a handful of conquistadors can take an empire; real conquests needed local allies who hated their old rulers, and diseases that the newcomers did not even understand.
Who acts: you, handful, real conquests, local allies, newcomers · What happens: colonise, take, need, hate, not understand · To what, where: empty provinces, Europa, empire, local allies, old rulers, diseases
This is a sentence of the lesson «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, handful, real conquests, local allies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 Europa | case |
| 2 | Europa | Europa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 colonise | obl |
| 3 | Universalis | Universalis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Europa | flat |
| 4 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 5 colonise | nsubj |
| 5 | colonise | colonise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 9 provinces | punct |
| 7 | empty | empty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 provinces | amod |
| 8 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 9 provinces | punct |
| 9 | provinces | province | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 colonise | obj |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 natives | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 natives | det |
| 12 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 natives | amod |
| 13 | natives | native | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 provinces | nmod |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 them | case |
| 15 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 natives | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 take | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 take | cc |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 handful | det |
| 19 | handful | handful | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 take | nsubj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 conquistadors | case |
| 21 | conquistadors | conquistador | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 handful | nmod |
| 22 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 take | aux |
| 23 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 colonise | conj |
| 24 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 empire | det |
| 25 | empire | empire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 take | obj |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 conquests | punct |
| 27 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 conquests | amod |
| 28 | conquests | conquest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 needed | nsubj |
| 29 | needed | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 colonise | parataxis |
| 30 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 allies | amod |
| 31 | allies | ally | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 needed | obj |
| 32 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 hated | nsubj |
| 33 | hated | hate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 allies | acl:relcl |
| 34 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 rulers | nmod:poss |
| 35 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 rulers | amod |
| 36 | rulers | ruler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 hated | obj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 diseases | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 diseases | cc |
| 39 | diseases | disease | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 allies | conj |
| 40 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 understand | obj |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 newcomers | det |
| 42 | newcomers | newcomer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 understand | nsubj |
| 43 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 understand | aux |
| 44 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 46 understand | advmod |
| 45 | even | even | ADV | _ | 46 understand | advmod |
| 46 | understand | understand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 39 diseases | acl:relcl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 colonise | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | colonise | present | you | empty provinces | Europa | with a few natives in natives | tree rules | ||
| 2 | take | can | a handful of conquistadors | a empire | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent empire=Theme | ||||
| 3 | need | past | real conquests | local allies and diseases | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot ally=Theme | ||||
| 4 | hate | past | local allies and diseases | conquests's old rulers | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ruler=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | not understand | past · do-support | the newcomers | diseases | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/1/