When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides, sentence 0
Imagine a stranger walks into your house, plants a flag in the kitchen and announces he has «discovered» it while your family is eating dinner; that is why many teachers now put a question mark after «Columbus discovered America»: millions of people already lived there, and for them 1492 was an arrival, then an invasion.
Who acts: you, stranger, family, that, many teachers, Columbus · What happens: imagine, walk, plant, announce, discover, eat · To what, where: house, flag, kitchen, dinner, question mark, America · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, stranger, family, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Imagine | imagine | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 stranger | det |
| 3 | stranger | stranger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 walks | nsubj |
| 4 | walks | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Imagine | ccomp |
| 5 | into | into | ADP | _ | 7 house | case |
| 6 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 house | nmod:poss |
| 7 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 walks | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 plants | punct |
| 9 | plants | plant | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 walks | conj |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 flag | det |
| 11 | flag | flag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 plants | obj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 kitchen | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 kitchen | det |
| 14 | kitchen | kitchen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 plants | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 announces | cc |
| 16 | announces | announce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 walks | conj |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 discovered | nsubj |
| 18 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 discovered | aux |
| 19 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 20 discovered | punct |
| 20 | discovered | discover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 announces | ccomp |
| 21 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 20 discovered | punct |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 discovered | obj |
| 23 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 27 eating | mark |
| 24 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 family | nmod:poss |
| 25 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 eating | nsubj |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 eating | aux |
| 27 | eating | eat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 discovered | advcl |
| 28 | dinner | dinner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 eating | obj |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 4 walks | punct |
| 30 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 31 is | nsubj |
| 31 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 walks | conj |
| 32 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 36 put | advmod |
| 33 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 teachers | amod |
| 34 | teachers | teacher | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 put | nsubj |
| 35 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 36 put | advmod |
| 36 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 is | parataxis |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 mark | det |
| 38 | question | question | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 mark | compound |
| 39 | mark | mark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 put | obj |
| 40 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 43 discovered | mark |
| 41 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 43 discovered | punct |
| 42 | Columbus | Columbus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 discovered | nsubj |
| 43 | discovered | discover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 put | advcl |
| 44 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 discovered | obj |
| 45 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 43 discovered | punct |
| 46 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 51 lived | punct |
| 47 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 lived | nsubj |
| 48 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 people | case |
| 49 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 millions | nmod |
| 50 | already | already | ADV | _ | 51 lived | advmod |
| 51 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 walks | conj |
| 52 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 51 lived | advmod |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 arrival | punct |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 60 arrival | cc |
| 55 | for | for | ADP | _ | 56 them | case |
| 56 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 60 arrival | obl |
| 57 | 1492 | 1492 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 60 arrival | nsubj |
| 58 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 60 arrival | cop |
| 59 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 60 arrival | det |
| 60 | arrival | arrival | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 lived | conj |
| 61 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 64 invasion | punct |
| 62 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 64 invasion | advmod |
| 63 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 64 invasion | det |
| 64 | invasion | invasion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 arrival | appos |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Imagine | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | imagine | imperative | you not said here | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | walk | present | a stranger | into your house result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into house=Result | ||||
| 3 | plant | present | a stranger not said here | a flag | the kitchen | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent flag=Theme in kitchen=Destination | |||
| 4 | announce speech: other | present | a stranger not said here | vn order-58.3 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | discover in a quote | present · perfect | stranger | flag | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic | ||||
| 6 | eat | present · progressive | your family | dinner | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dinner=Patient | ||||
| 7 | be | present | that | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | put | present | many teachers | a question mark | now | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent mark=Goal | |||
| 9 | discover in a quote | past | Columbus | America | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent america=Topic | ||||
| 10 | live | past | millions of people | there | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 11 | is a | past | 1492 | a arrival | for millions = million | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/0/