When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides, sentence 10

Between 1945 and 1975 dozens of colonies in Africa and Asia became independent; Ghana in 1957 is often called the first in sub-Saharan Africa to free itself from colonial rule, though Sudan, independent in 1956, is sometimes counted first.

Who acts: dozens · What happens: become, call, free, count · To what, where: Ghana, protest, colonial rule, Sudan · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dozens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Between	between	ADP	_	2 1945	case
2	1945	1945	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	12 became	obl
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 1975	cc
4	1975	1975	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 1945	conj
5	dozens	dozen	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 became	nsubj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 colonies	case
7	colonies	colony	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 dozens	nmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 Africa	case
9	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 colonies	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 Asia	cc
11	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Africa	conj
12	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	independent	independent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 became	xcomp
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 Ghana	punct
15	Ghana	Ghana	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 called	nsubj:pass
16	in	in	ADP	_	17 1957	case
17	1957	1957	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 Ghana	nmod
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 called	aux:pass
19	often	often	ADV	_	20 called	advmod
20	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 became	parataxis
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 first	det
22	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	20 called	xcomp
23	in	in	ADP	_	24 sub-Saharan	case
24	sub-Saharan	sub-Saharan	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 first	nmod
25	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 sub-Saharan	flat
26	to	to	PART	_	27 free	mark
27	free	free	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 first	acl
28	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes	27 free	obj
29	from	from	ADP	_	31 rule	case
30	colonial	colonial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 rule	amod
31	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 free	obl
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 Sudan	punct
33	though	though	SCONJ	_	42 counted	mark
34	Sudan	Sudan	PROPN	Number=Sing	42 counted	nsubj:pass
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 independent	punct
36	independent	independent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 Sudan	amod
37	in	in	ADP	_	38 1956	case
38	1956	1956	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	36 independent	obl
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 counted	punct
40	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	42 counted	aux:pass
41	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	42 counted	advmod
42	counted	count	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	20 called	advcl
43	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	42 counted	advmod
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 became	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	become	past	dozens of colonies in Africa and Asia			between 1945; independent property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	call	present · passive		Ghana in 1957		first, often property	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
3	free	to-infinitive		protest	colonial rule		vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer itself=Source
4	count	present · passive		Sudan		first, sometimes property	vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/10/