When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides, sentence 16
British soldiers took the Benin Bronzes from the Kingdom of Benin, in today's Nigeria, in 1897; in 2022 Germany agreed to return over a thousand of them and began handing some back.
Who acts: British soldiers, Germany · What happens: take, agree, return, begin, hand back · To what, where: Benin Bronzes, Kingdom, 2022, thousand, some
This is a sentence of the lesson «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (British soldiers, Germany), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | British | British | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 soldiers | amod |
| 2 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 took | nsubj |
| 3 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Bronzes | det |
| 5 | Benin | Benin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Bronzes | compound |
| 6 | Bronzes | bronze | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 took | obj |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 Kingdom | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Kingdom | det |
| 9 | Kingdom | Kingdom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 took | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 Benin | case |
| 11 | Benin | Benin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Kingdom | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 Nigeria | punct |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 Nigeria | case |
| 14 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 Nigeria | nmod:poss |
| 15 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 14 today | case |
| 16 | Nigeria | Nigeria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 took | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 1897 | punct |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 1897 | case |
| 19 | 1897 | 1897 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 took | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 agreed | punct |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 2022 | case |
| 22 | 2022 | 2022 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 24 agreed | obl |
| 23 | Germany | Germany | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 agreed | nsubj |
| 24 | agreed | agree | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | parataxis |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 return | mark |
| 26 | return | return | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 agreed | xcomp |
| 27 | over | over | ADV | _ | 29 thousand | advmod |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 thousand | det |
| 29 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 26 return | obj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 them | case |
| 31 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 thousand | nmod |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 began | cc |
| 33 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 agreed | conj |
| 34 | handing | hand | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 33 began | xcomp |
| 35 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 34 handing | obj |
| 36 | back | back | ADV | _ | 34 handing | advmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 took | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=narrate
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | British soldiers | the Benin Bronzes | the Kingdom of Benin | in today's Nigeria; in 1897 | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent bronze=Theme from kingdom=Initial_Location | ||
| 2 | agree speech: agree | past | Germany | 2022 | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | return not said to happen | to-infinitive | Germany not said here | a thousand of soldiers | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Theme | ||||
| 4 | begin | past | Germany not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | hand back | gerund | Germany not said here | some | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/16/