When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides, sentence 5
People reached the Americas at least 15,000 years ago, and millions lived there in 1492 in cities, farms and villages; Norse sailors had reached Newfoundland around 1000, and Columbus began lasting contact between Europe and the Americas.
Who acts: People, millions, Norse sailors, Columbus · What happens: reach, live, begin · To what, where: Americas, 1492, Newfoundland, 1000, lasting contact
This is a sentence of the lesson «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, millions, Norse sailors, Columbus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | People | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 reached | nsubj |
| 2 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Americas | det |
| 4 | Americas | Americas | PROPN | Number=Plur | 2 reached | obj |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 least | case |
| 6 | least | least | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 7 15,000 | nmod |
| 7 | 15,000 | 15000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 years | nummod |
| 8 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 9 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 2 reached | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 lived | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 lived | cc |
| 12 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 lived | nsubj |
| 13 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 reached | conj |
| 14 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 13 lived | advmod |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 1492 | case |
| 16 | 1492 | 1492 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 13 lived | obl |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 cities | case |
| 18 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 lived | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 farms | punct |
| 20 | farms | farm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 cities | conj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 villages | cc |
| 22 | villages | village | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 farms | conj |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 sailors | punct |
| 24 | Norse | norse | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 sailors | amod |
| 25 | sailors | sailor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 reached | nsubj |
| 26 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 reached | aux |
| 27 | reached | reach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 reached | parataxis |
| 28 | Newfoundland | Newfoundland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 reached | obj |
| 29 | around | around | ADP | _ | 30 1000 | case |
| 30 | 1000 | 1000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 27 reached | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 began | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 began | cc |
| 33 | Columbus | Columbus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 began | nsubj |
| 34 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 reached | conj |
| 35 | lasting | lasting | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 contact | amod |
| 36 | contact | contact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 began | obj |
| 37 | between | between | ADP | _ | 38 Europe | case |
| 38 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 contact | nmod |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 Americas | cc |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 Americas | det |
| 41 | Americas | Americas | PROPN | Number=Plur | 38 Europe | conj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 reached | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | past | People | the Americas | ago property | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent americas=Theme | |||
| 2 | live | past | millions | 1492; there | in cities and farms and villages | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1492=Location | |||
| 3 | reach | past · perfect | Norse sailors | Newfoundland | 1000 | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent newfoundland=Theme | |||
| 4 | begin | past | Columbus | lasting contact | between Europe and the Americas | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent contact=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/5/