When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides, sentence 7

By 1914 almost all of Africa was ruled by European countries; Ethiopia defeated an Italian army at Adwa in 1896 and stayed independent, as did Liberia, though Italy occupied Ethiopia from 1936 to 1941.

Who acts: European countries, Ethiopia, Italy · What happens: rule, defeat, stay, do, occupy · To what, where: all, Italian army, Adwa, Liberia, Ethiopia, 1936

This is a sentence of the lesson «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (European countries, Ethiopia, Italy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	2 1914	case
2	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 ruled	obl
3	almost	almost	ADV	_	4 all	advmod
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 ruled	nsubj:pass
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 Africa	case
6	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 all	nmod
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 ruled	aux:pass
8	ruled	rule	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 defeated	parataxis
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 countries	case
10	European	European	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 countries	amod
11	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 ruled	obl
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 defeated	punct
13	Ethiopia	Ethiopia	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 defeated	nsubj
14	defeated	defeat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
15	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 army	det
16	Italian	Italian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 army	amod
17	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 defeated	obj
18	at	at	ADP	_	19 Adwa	case
19	Adwa	Adwa	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 defeated	obl
20	in	in	ADP	_	21 1896	case
21	1896	1896	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	14 defeated	obl
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 stayed	cc
23	stayed	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 defeated	conj
24	independent	independent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 stayed	xcomp
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 did	punct
26	as	as	SCONJ	_	27 did	mark
27	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	23 stayed	parataxis
28	Liberia	Liberia	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 did	obj
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 Ethiopia	punct
30	though	though	SCONJ	_	32 occupied	mark
31	Italy	Italy	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 occupied	nsubj
32	occupied	occupy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	23 stayed	advcl
33	Ethiopia	Ethiopia	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 occupied	obj
34	from	from	ADP	_	35 1936	case
35	1936	1936	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	32 occupied	obl
36	to	to	ADP	_	37 1941	case
37	1941	1941	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	35 1936	nmod
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 ruled	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	rule	past · passive	European countries	all		by 1914	vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	defeat	past	Ethiopia	a Italian army	Adwa	in 1896	tree rules
3	stay	past	Ethiopia not said here			independent property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	do	past		Liberia			vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent liberia=Eventuality
5	occupy	past	Italy	Ethiopia	1936 to 1941		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus ethiopia=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/7/