When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides, sentence 8
Britain ruled most of India from 1858 to 1947, after the East India Company; it built railways and courts, but took wealth, and several terrible famines happened, and historians still argue how to weigh the good and the harm.
Who acts: Britain, Company, several terrible famines, historians · What happens: rule, build, take, happen, argue, weigh · To what, where: most, 1858, railways, wealth, good
This is a sentence of the lesson «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Britain, Company, several terrible famines, historians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Britain | Britain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 ruled | nsubj |
| 2 | ruled | rule | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 2 ruled | obj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 India | case |
| 5 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 most | nmod |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 1858 | case |
| 7 | 1858 | 1858 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 2 ruled | obl |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 1947 | case |
| 9 | 1947 | 1947 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 1858 | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 Company | punct |
| 11 | after | after | ADP | _ | 15 Company | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Company | det |
| 13 | East | East | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 India | compound |
| 14 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Company | compound |
| 15 | Company | Company | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 ruled | obl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 built | punct |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 built | nsubj |
| 18 | built | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 ruled | parataxis |
| 19 | railways | railway | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 built | obj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 courts | cc |
| 21 | courts | court | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 railways | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 took | punct |
| 23 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 24 took | cc |
| 24 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 built | conj |
| 25 | wealth | wealth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 took | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 happened | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 happened | cc |
| 28 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 famines | amod |
| 29 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 famines | amod |
| 30 | famines | famine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 happened | nsubj |
| 31 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 took | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 argue | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 argue | cc |
| 34 | historians | historian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 argue | nsubj |
| 35 | still | still | ADV | _ | 36 argue | advmod |
| 36 | argue | argue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 happened | conj |
| 37 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 39 weigh | advmod |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 weigh | mark |
| 39 | weigh | weigh | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 argue | xcomp |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 good | det |
| 41 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 weigh | obj |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 harm | cc |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 harm | det |
| 44 | harm | harm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 good | conj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 ruled | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rule | past | Britain | most of India | 1858 to 1947 | after the India Company | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Theme | ||
| 2 | build | past | Company | railways and courts | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material railway=Product | ||||
| 3 | take | past | Company not said here | wealth | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wealth=Theme | ||||
| 4 | happen | past | several terrible famines | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | argue speech: disagree | present | historians | still | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | weigh | to-infinitive | historians not said here | the good and the harm | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme good=Value |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/8/