What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge, sentence 11
Quinine, from the bark of the cinchona tree, was known to Andean peoples and became the main medicine for malaria for centuries; maize, potatoes and rubber also came from Indigenous peoples of the Americas.
Who acts: maize · What happens: know, become, come · To what, where: Quinine, main medicine
This is a sentence of the lesson «What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (maize), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Quinine | quinine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 known | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 bark | punct |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 bark | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 bark | det |
| 5 | bark | bark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Quinine | appos |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 tree | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 tree | det |
| 8 | cinchona | cinchona | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 tree | compound |
| 9 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 bark | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Quinine | punct |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 known | aux:pass |
| 12 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 peoples | case |
| 14 | Andean | andean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 peoples | amod |
| 15 | peoples | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 known | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 became | cc |
| 17 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 known | conj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 medicine | det |
| 19 | main | main | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 medicine | amod |
| 20 | medicine | medicine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 became | xcomp |
| 21 | for | for | ADP | _ | 22 malaria | case |
| 22 | malaria | malaria | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 medicine | nmod |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 24 centuries | case |
| 24 | centuries | century | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 became | obl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 maize | punct |
| 26 | maize | maize | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 came | nsubj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 potatoes | punct |
| 28 | potatoes | potato | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 maize | conj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 rubber | cc |
| 30 | rubber | rubber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 potatoes | conj |
| 31 | also | also | ADV | _ | 32 came | advmod |
| 32 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 known | parataxis |
| 33 | from | from | ADP | _ | 35 peoples | case |
| 34 | Indigenous | Indigenous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 peoples | amod |
| 35 | peoples | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 came | obl |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 Americas | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 Americas | det |
| 38 | Americas | Americas | PROPN | Number=Plur | 35 peoples | nmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 known | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past · passive | Quinine | to Andean peoples | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | become | past | the main medicine for malaria | century | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | come | past | maize and potatoes and rubber | from Indigenous peoples of the Americas | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from people=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:077-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/11/