Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich, sentence 1
The UN says we reached 8 billion people in November 2022 and expects the number to peak at about 10.3 billion in the 2080s and then slowly fall, because families almost everywhere are getting smaller.
Who acts: UN, we, number, families · What happens: say, reach, expect, peak, fall, get · To what, where: billion people, number, 10.3 billion · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (UN, we, number, families), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 UN | det |
| 2 | UN | UN | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 says | nsubj |
| 3 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 reached | nsubj |
| 5 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 says | ccomp |
| 6 | 8 | 8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 billion | compound |
| 7 | billion | billion | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 people | nummod |
| 8 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 reached | obj |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 November | case |
| 10 | November | November | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 reached | obl |
| 11 | 2022 | 2022 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 November | nmod:unmarked |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 expects | cc |
| 13 | expects | expect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 says | conj |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 number | det |
| 15 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 expects | obj |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 peak | mark |
| 17 | peak | peak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 expects | xcomp |
| 18 | at | at | ADP | _ | 21 billion | case |
| 19 | about | about | ADV | _ | 20 10.3 | advmod |
| 20 | 10.3 | 10.3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 21 billion | compound |
| 21 | billion | billion | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 peak | obl |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 2080s | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 2080s | det |
| 24 | 2080s | 2080 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 17 peak | obl |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 fall | cc |
| 26 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 28 fall | advmod |
| 27 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 28 fall | advmod |
| 28 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 peak | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 getting | punct |
| 30 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 35 getting | mark |
| 31 | families | family | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 getting | nsubj |
| 32 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 33 everywhere | advmod |
| 33 | everywhere | everywhere | ADV | PronType=Tot | 31 families | advmod |
| 34 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 getting | aux |
| 35 | getting | get | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 peak | advcl |
| 36 | smaller | small | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 35 getting | xcomp |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 says | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | the UN | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | reach | past | we | billion people | november | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent people=Theme | |||
| 3 | expect | present | the UN not said here | the number | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | peak not said to happen | to-infinitive | the number not said here | 10.3 billion | in the 2080s | tree rules | |||
| 5 | fall | infinitive | the number not said here | then | slowly property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 6 | get | present · progressive | families | small property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:078-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich/1/