Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich, sentence 16
Since the full-scale invasion in 2022, war, refugees and fewer births have made Ukraine's population hard to count; estimates differ by millions, and about 6 million Ukrainian refugees abroad were reported.
Who acts: war, population, estimates · What happens: make, count, differ, report · To what, where: population, million Ukrainian refugees
This is a sentence of the lesson «Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (war, population, estimates), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Since | since | ADP | _ | 6 invasion | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 invasion | det |
| 3 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 scale | amod |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 3 full | punct |
| 5 | scale | scale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 invasion | compound |
| 6 | invasion | invasion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 made | obl |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 2022 | case |
| 8 | 2022 | 2022 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 invasion | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 war | punct |
| 10 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 made | nsubj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 refugees | punct |
| 12 | refugees | refugee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 war | conj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 births | cc |
| 14 | fewer | few | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 15 births | amod |
| 15 | births | birth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 refugees | conj |
| 16 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 made | aux |
| 17 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 18 | Ukraine | Ukraine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 population | nmod:poss |
| 19 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 18 Ukraine | case |
| 20 | population | population | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 made | obj |
| 21 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 made | xcomp |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 count | mark |
| 23 | count | count | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 hard | xcomp |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 differ | punct |
| 25 | estimates | estimate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 differ | nsubj |
| 26 | differ | differ | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 made | parataxis |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 28 millions | case |
| 28 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 differ | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 reported | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 reported | cc |
| 31 | about | about | ADV | _ | 33 million | advmod |
| 32 | 6 | 6 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 33 million | compound |
| 33 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 35 refugees | nummod |
| 34 | Ukrainian | ukrainian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 refugees | amod |
| 35 | refugees | refugee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 reported | nsubj:pass |
| 36 | abroad | abroad | ADV | _ | 35 refugees | advmod |
| 37 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 reported | aux:pass |
| 38 | reported | report | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 made | conj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 made | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present · perfect | war and refugees and fewer births | Ukraine's population | since the scale invasion in 2022 | hard property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset population=Product | ||
| 2 | count | to-infinitive | Ukraine's population not said here | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | differ | present | estimates | by millions | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | report | past · passive | million Ukrainian refugees | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:078-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich/16/