Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers, sentence 11

Indian mathematicians were the first to treat zero as a real number you can add and subtract with, writing it as a dot or a circle.

Who acts: Indian mathematicians, you · What happens: be, treat, add, subtract, write · To what, where: zero, real number

This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indian mathematicians, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Indian	Indian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 mathematicians	amod
2	mathematicians	mathematician	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 first	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 first	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 first	det
5	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 treat	mark
7	treat	treat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 first	advcl
8	zero	zero	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 treat	obj
9	as	as	ADP	_	12 number	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 number	det
11	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 number	amod
12	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 treat	obl
13	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	15 add	nsubj
14	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 add	aux
15	add	add	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 number	acl:relcl
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 subtract	cc
17	subtract	subtract	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 add	conj
18	with	with	ADP	_	17 subtract	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 writing	punct
20	writing	write	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	15 add	advcl
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 writing	obj
22	as	as	ADP	_	24 dot	case
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 dot	det
24	dot	dot	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 writing	obl
25	or	or	CCONJ	_	27 circle	cc
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 circle	det
27	circle	circle	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 dot	conj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 first	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	past	Indian mathematicians		first property	tree rules
2	treat	to-infinitive	Indian mathematicians not said here	zero	as a real number	vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent zero=Theme as number=Attribute
3	add speech: assert	can	you	a real number not said here		vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Patient
4	subtract	infinitive	you not said here			vn multiply-108-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5	write	gerund	you not said here	zero	as a dot or a circle	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent it=Result as dot=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/11/