Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers, sentence 14
An early form of chess called chaturanga was played in India about 1,500 years ago, with pieces like elephants, chariots and foot soldiers.
What happens: call, play, form · To what, where: chess, early form, India · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 form | det |
| 2 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 form | amod |
| 3 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 played | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 chess | case |
| 5 | chess | chess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 form | nmod |
| 6 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 chess | acl |
| 7 | chaturanga | chaturanga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 called | xcomp |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 played | aux:pass |
| 9 | played | play | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 India | case |
| 11 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 played | obl |
| 12 | about | about | ADV | _ | 13 1,500 | advmod |
| 13 | 1,500 | 1,500 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 years | nummod |
| 14 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 15 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 9 played | advmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 pieces | punct |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 pieces | case |
| 18 | pieces | piece | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 played | obl |
| 19 | like | like | ADP | _ | 20 elephants | case |
| 20 | elephants | elephant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 pieces | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 chariots | punct |
| 22 | chariots | chariot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 elephants | conj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 soldiers | cc |
| 24 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 soldiers | compound |
| 25 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 elephants | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 played | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | participle | chess not said here | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | play | past · passive | a early form of chess | India | with pieces like elephants and chariots and foot soldiers; ago property | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: subject=Theme with piece=Co-Agent | |||
| 3 | form | chess | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/14/