Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers, sentence 13
The mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata, about 1,500 years ago, explained that the Earth spins and worked out the value of pi very accurately.
Who acts: mathematician, Earth · What happens: explain, spin, work out, value · To what, where: value, pi · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mathematician, Earth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 mathematician | det |
| 2 | mathematician | mathematician | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 explained | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 astronomer | cc |
| 4 | astronomer | astronomer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 mathematician | conj |
| 5 | Aryabhata | Aryabhata | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 astronomer | appos |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 ago | punct |
| 7 | about | about | ADV | _ | 8 1,500 | advmod |
| 8 | 1,500 | 1,500 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 years | nummod |
| 9 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 12 explained | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 ago | punct |
| 12 | explained | explain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 spins | mark |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Earth | det |
| 15 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 spins | nsubj |
| 16 | spins | spin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 explained | ccomp |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 worked | cc |
| 18 | worked | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 spins | conj |
| 19 | out | out | ADP | _ | 18 worked | compound:prt |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 value | det |
| 21 | value | value | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 worked | obj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 pi | case |
| 23 | pi | pi | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 value | nmod |
| 24 | very | very | ADV | _ | 25 accurately | advmod |
| 25 | accurately | accurately | ADV | _ | 18 worked | advmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 explained | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | explain speech: assert | past | the mathematician and astronomer | ago property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | spin | present | the Earth | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | work out | past | the Earth not said here | the value of pi | accurately property | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent value=Topic | |||
| 4 | value | pi | nom value «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/13/