Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers, sentence 16

India traded pepper, cinnamon, cotton cloth and precious stones with Rome, Arabia and China; pepper did not grow in Italy, so in Rome it was rare and costly.

Who acts: India, pepper, chess · What happens: trade, not grow, be · To what, where: pepper, Italy, Rome

This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (India, pepper, chess), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 traded	nsubj
2	traded	trade	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	pepper	pepper	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 traded	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 cinnamon	punct
5	cinnamon	cinnamon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pepper	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 cloth	punct
7	cotton	cotton	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cloth	compound
8	cloth	cloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pepper	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 stones	cc
10	precious	precious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 stones	amod
11	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pepper	conj
12	with	with	ADP	_	13 Rome	case
13	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 traded	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 Arabia	punct
15	Arabia	Arabia	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Rome	conj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 China	cc
17	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Rome	conj
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 grow	punct
19	pepper	pepper	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 grow	nsubj
20	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 grow	aux
21	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	22 grow	advmod
22	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 traded	parataxis
23	in	in	ADP	_	24 Italy	case
24	Italy	Italy	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 grow	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 rare	punct
26	so	so	ADV	_	31 rare	advmod
27	in	in	ADP	_	28 Rome	case
28	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 rare	obl
29	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 rare	nsubj
30	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	31 rare	cop
31	rare	rare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 traded	parataxis
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 costly	cc
33	costly	costly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 rare	conj
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 traded	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	trade	past	India	pepper and cinnamon and cotton cloth and precious stones		with Rome and Arabia and China	vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent pepper=Theme with rome=Co-Agent
2	not grow	past · do-support	pepper		Italy		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in italy=Location
3	is	past	chess		Rome	rare property	tree rules
4	be		chess not said here				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/16/