Games vs history: tech trees, barbarians, empty lands, wonders and falls, sentence 15
Real diplomacy used letters, gifts, envoys and royal marriages; in the Amarna letters, from about 1350 BCE, kings of Egypt, Babylon and others call each other «brother» and ask for gold and gifts.
Who acts: Real diplomacy, kings · What happens: use, call, ask · To what, where: letters, each, Amarna letters · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Games vs history: tech trees, barbarians, empty lands, wonders and falls» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Real diplomacy, kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 diplomacy | amod |
| 2 | diplomacy | diplomacy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 used | nsubj |
| 3 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 used | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 gifts | punct |
| 6 | gifts | gift | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 letters | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 envoys | punct |
| 8 | envoys | envoy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 letters | conj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 marriages | cc |
| 10 | royal | royal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 marriages | amod |
| 11 | marriages | marriage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 letters | conj |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 used | punct |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 letters | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 letters | det |
| 15 | Amarna | Amarna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 letters | compound |
| 16 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 call | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 1350 | punct |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 20 1350 | case |
| 19 | about | about | ADV | _ | 20 1350 | advmod |
| 20 | 1350 | 1350 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 16 letters | appos |
| 21 | BCE | BCE | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 1350 | nmod:unmarked |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 kings | punct |
| 23 | kings | king | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 call | nsubj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 Egypt | case |
| 25 | Egypt | Egypt | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 kings | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 Babylon | punct |
| 27 | Babylon | Babylon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 Egypt | conj |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 others | cc |
| 29 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 kings | conj |
| 30 | call | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 used | parataxis |
| 31 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 30 call | obj |
| 32 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 each | fixed |
| 33 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 34 brother | punct |
| 34 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 call | xcomp |
| 35 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 34 brother | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 ask | cc |
| 37 | ask | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 call | conj |
| 38 | for | for | ADP | _ | 39 gold | case |
| 39 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 ask | obl |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 gifts | cc |
| 41 | gifts | gift | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 gold | conj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 used | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | past | Real diplomacy | letters and gifts and envoys and royal marriages | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient | ||||
| 2 | call | present | kings of Egypt and Babylon and others | each | the Amarna letters | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent each=Recipient | |||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | present | kings of Egypt and Babylon and others not said here | for gold and gifts | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:080-games-vs-history-tech-trees-barbarians-empty-lands-wonders-and-falls.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/80-games-vs-history-tech-trees-barbarians-empty-lands-wonders-and-falls/15/