Gaols, magistrates and old punishments: from the stocks to the Children Act of 1908, sentence 11

Long ago a common punishment was the stocks, a wooden frame that locked a person's feet, so that people could laugh at them and throw rotten food; the stocks were still used now and then until the 1870s.

Who acts: common punishment, wooden frame, people · What happens: be, lock, laugh, throw, use · To what, where: stocks, feet, rotten food

This is a sentence of the lesson «Gaols, magistrates and old punishments: from the stocks to the Children Act of 1908» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (common punishment, wooden frame, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 ago	advmod
2	ago	ago	ADV	_	5 punishment	advmod
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 punishment	det
4	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 punishment	amod
5	punishment	punishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 stocks	nsubj
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 stocks	cop
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 stocks	det
8	stocks	stock	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 frame	punct
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 frame	det
11	wooden	wooden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 frame	amod
12	frame	frame	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 stocks	appos
13	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 locked	nsubj
14	locked	lock	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 frame	acl:relcl
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 person	det
16	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 feet	nmod:poss
17	's	's	PART	_	16 person	case
18	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 locked	obj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 laugh	punct
20	so	so	SCONJ	_	24 laugh	mark
21	that	that	SCONJ	_	24 laugh	mark
22	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 laugh	nsubj
23	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	24 laugh	aux
24	laugh	laugh	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 locked	advcl
25	at	at	ADP	_	26 them	case
26	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 laugh	obl
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 throw	cc
28	throw	throw	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 laugh	conj
29	rotten	rotten	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 food	amod
30	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 throw	obj
31	;	;	PUNCT	_	36 used	punct
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 stocks	det
33	stocks	stock	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 used	nsubj:pass
34	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	36 used	aux:pass
35	still	still	ADV	_	36 used	advmod
36	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 stocks	conj
37	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	36 used	advmod
38	and	and	CCONJ	_	39 then	cc
39	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	36 used	conj
40	until	until	ADP	_	42 1870s	case
41	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	42 1870s	det
42	1870s	1870	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	36 used	obl
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 stocks	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	a common punishment	the stocks			tree rules
2	lock	past	a wooden frame	a person's feet			vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Patient
3	laugh	could	people			at punishments = punishment	vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	throw	infinitive	people not said here	rotten food			vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme
5	use	past · passive		the stocks	until the 1870s; still; now		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:084-gaols-magistrates-and-old-punishments-from-the-stocks-to-the-children-act-of-1908.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/84-gaols-magistrates-and-old-punishments-from-the-stocks-to-the-children-act-of-1908/11/