Gaols, magistrates and old punishments: from the stocks to the Children Act of 1908, sentence 9
Magistrates are ordinary local people, not trained lawyers, who judge smaller cases in England and Wales; they still do this today, and they can only give short prison sentences of months, not years.
Who acts: Magistrates, ordinary local people · What happens: be, not train, judge, do, give, sentence · To what, where: ordinary local people, smaller cases, England, this, short prison sentences, months
This is a sentence of the lesson «Gaols, magistrates and old punishments: from the stocks to the Children Act of 1908» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Magistrates, ordinary local people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Magistrates | magistrate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 people | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 people | cop |
| 3 | ordinary | ordinary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 people | amod |
| 4 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 people | amod |
| 5 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 lawyers | punct |
| 7 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 8 trained | advmod |
| 8 | trained | train | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 lawyers | amod |
| 9 | lawyers | lawyer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 people | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 judge | punct |
| 11 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 judge | nsubj |
| 12 | judge | judge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 people | acl:relcl |
| 13 | smaller | small | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 14 cases | amod |
| 14 | cases | case | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 judge | obj |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 England | case |
| 16 | England | England | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 judge | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 Wales | cc |
| 18 | Wales | Wales | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 England | conj |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 do | punct |
| 20 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 do | nsubj |
| 21 | still | still | ADV | _ | 22 do | advmod |
| 22 | do | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 judge | conj |
| 23 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 22 do | obj |
| 24 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 do | obl:unmarked |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 give | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 give | cc |
| 27 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 give | nsubj |
| 28 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 give | aux |
| 29 | only | only | ADV | _ | 30 give | advmod |
| 30 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 do | conj |
| 31 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 sentences | amod |
| 32 | prison | prison | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 sentences | compound |
| 33 | sentences | sentence | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 give | obj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 months | case |
| 35 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 sentences | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 years | punct |
| 37 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 38 years | advmod |
| 38 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 give | obl:unmarked |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 people | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Magistrates | ordinary local people and trained lawyers | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | not train | participle | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | judge | present | ordinary local people and trained lawyers | smaller cases | England and Wales | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent case=Value | |||
| 4 | do | present | magistrates = magistrate | this | still; today | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Eventuality | |||
| 5 | give | can | magistrates = magistrate | short prison sentences of months | year | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sentence=Theme | |||
| 6 | sentence | months | nom sentence «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:084-gaols-magistrates-and-old-punishments-from-the-stocks-to-the-children-act-of-1908.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/84-gaols-magistrates-and-old-punishments-from-the-stocks-to-the-children-act-of-1908/9/