Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, sentence 10

Farming let people store food, villages grew into cities, and writing began in Sumer about 5,000 years ago, mostly to keep records of grain, animals and taxes.

Who acts: Farming, people, villages, writing · What happens: let, store, grow, begin, keep, record · To what, where: people, food, cities, Sumer, records, grain

This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Farming, people, villages, writing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Farming	farming	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 let	nsubj
2	let	let	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
3	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 let	obj
4	store	store	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 let	xcomp
5	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 store	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 grew	punct
7	villages	village	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 grew	nsubj
8	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 let	conj
9	into	into	ADP	_	10 cities	case
10	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 grew	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 began	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 began	cc
13	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 began	nsubj
14	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 let	conj
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 Sumer	case
16	Sumer	Sumer	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 began	obl
17	about	about	ADV	_	18 5,000	advmod
18	5,000	5000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	19 years	nummod
19	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 ago	obl:unmarked
20	ago	ago	ADV	_	14 began	advmod
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 keep	punct
22	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	24 keep	advmod
23	to	to	PART	_	24 keep	mark
24	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 began	advcl
25	records	record	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 keep	obj
26	of	of	ADP	_	27 grain	case
27	grain	grain	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 records	nmod
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 animals	punct
29	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 grain	conj
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 taxes	cc
31	taxes	tax	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 records	conj
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 let	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	let	infinitive	Farming	people			tree rules
2	store	infinitive	people not said here	food			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme
3	grow	past	villages			into cities result	vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into city=Result
4	begin	past	writing		Sumer	ago property	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
5	keep	to-infinitive	writing not said here	records of grain and animals and taxes		mostly property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent record=Theme
6	record			grain and animals			nom record «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/10/