Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, sentence 12

The Mongol Empire made the Silk Road safer for traders such as Marco Polo, but trade routes from Asia also helped carry the Black Death towards Europe in the 1340s.

Who acts: Mongol Empire, trade routes · What happens: make, help, carry · To what, where: Silk Road, Black Death, 1340s

This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mongol Empire, trade routes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Empire	det
2	Mongol	mongol	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Empire	compound
3	Empire	Empire	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 made	nsubj
4	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Road	det
6	Silk	Silk	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 Road	compound
7	Road	Road	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 made	obj
8	safer	safe	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 made	xcomp
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 traders	case
10	traders	trader	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 safer	obl
11	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	13 Marco	case
12	as	as	ADP	_	11 such	fixed
13	Marco	Marco	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 traders	nmod
14	Polo	Polo	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Marco	flat
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 helped	punct
16	but	but	CCONJ	_	22 helped	cc
17	trade	trade	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 routes	compound
18	routes	route	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 helped	nsubj
19	from	from	ADP	_	20 Asia	case
20	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 routes	nmod
21	also	also	ADV	_	22 helped	advmod
22	helped	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 made	conj
23	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 helped	xcomp
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 Death	det
25	Black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 Death	amod
26	Death	death	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 carry	obj
27	towards	towards	ADP	_	28 Europe	case
28	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 carry	obl
29	in	in	ADP	_	31 1340s	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 1340s	det
31	1340s	1340	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	23 carry	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 made	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	make	past	the Mongol Empire	the Silk Road		safe property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Product
2	help	past	trade routes from Asia				vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	carry	infinitive	trade routes from Asia not said here	the Black Death	the 1340s	towards Europe	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent death=Theme towards europe=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/12/