Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, sentence 13

The Black Death killed perhaps a third or more of Europe's people; with fewer workers left, survivors could ask for higher wages, and the old serf system weakened in western Europe.

Who acts: Black Death, fewer workers, survivors, old serf system · What happens: kill, leave, ask, weaken · To what, where: third, western Europe

This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Black Death, fewer workers, survivors, old serf system), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Death	det
2	Black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 Death	amod
3	Death	death	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 killed	nsubj
4	killed	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	7 third	advmod
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 third	det
7	third	third	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 killed	obj
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 more	cc
9	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 third	conj
10	of	of	ADP	_	13 people	case
11	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 people	nmod:poss
12	's	's	PART	_	11 Europe	case
13	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 third	nmod
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 left	punct
15	with	with	SCONJ	_	18 left	mark
16	fewer	few	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	17 workers	amod
17	workers	worker	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 left	nsubj
18	left	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 ask	advcl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 left	punct
20	survivors	survivor	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 ask	nsubj
21	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	22 ask	aux
22	ask	ask	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 killed	parataxis
23	for	for	ADP	_	25 wages	case
24	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	25 wages	amod
25	wages	wage	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 ask	obl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 weakened	punct
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 weakened	cc
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 system	det
29	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 system	amod
30	serf	serf	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 system	compound
31	system	system	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 weakened	nsubj
32	weakened	weaken	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 ask	conj
33	in	in	ADP	_	35 Europe	case
34	western	western	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 Europe	amod
35	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 weakened	obl
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 killed	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	kill	past	the Black Death	a third of Europe's people			vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent third=Theme
2	leave	past	fewer workers				vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	ask speech: ask	could	survivors			for higher wages	vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	weaken	past	the old serf system		western Europe		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/13/