Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, sentence 14

Gutenberg's printing press, from around 1450, made books much cheaper; more people learned to read, and new ideas, like Martin Luther's in 1517, spread across Europe within weeks.

Who acts: printing press, more people, new ideas, Gutenberg · What happens: make, learn, read, spread, press · To what, where: books, Europe

This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (printing press, more people, new ideas, Gutenberg), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gutenberg	Gutenberg	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 press	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Gutenberg	case
3	printing	printing	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 press	compound
4	press	press	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 made	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 1450	punct
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 1450	case
7	around	around	ADP	_	8 1450	case
8	1450	1450	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 press	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 books	punct
10	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 made	obj
12	much	much	ADV	_	13 cheaper	advmod
13	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 made	xcomp
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 people	punct
15	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	16 people	amod
16	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 learned	nsubj
17	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 made	parataxis
18	to	to	PART	_	19 read	mark
19	read	read	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 learned	xcomp
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 spread	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 spread	cc
22	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 ideas	amod
23	ideas	idea	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 spread	nsubj
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 Martin	punct
25	like	like	ADP	_	26 Martin	case
26	Martin	Martin	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 ideas	nmod
27	Luther	Luther	PROPN	Number=Sing	26 Martin	flat
28	's	's	PART	_	26 Martin	case
29	in	in	ADP	_	30 1517	case
30	1517	1517	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	26 Martin	nmod
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 spread	punct
32	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 made	conj
33	across	across	ADP	_	34 Europe	case
34	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 spread	obl
35	within	within	ADP	_	36 weeks	case
36	weeks	week	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 spread	obl:unmarked
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 made	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	Gutenberg's printing press from 1450	books			cheap property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset book=Product
2	learn	past	more people					vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	read	to-infinitive	more people not said here					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	spread	past	new ideas like Martin in 1517		Europe	week		vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme across europe=Destination
5	press		Gutenberg					nom press «state intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/14/