Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, sentence 15

After 1492 diseases such as smallpox, carried by Europeans, killed very many native people of the Americas, who had never met them before, and this helped the Spanish conquer the Aztecs and the Inca.

Who acts: many native people, this, Spanish · What happens: carry, kill, not meet, help, conquer · To what, where: many native people, people, Spanish, Aztecs

This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many native people, this, Spanish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	After	after	ADP	_	3 diseases	case
2	1492	1492	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 diseases	nummod
3	diseases	disease	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 carried	obl
4	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	6 smallpox	case
5	as	as	ADP	_	4 such	fixed
6	smallpox	smallpox	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 diseases	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 diseases	punct
8	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 Europeans	case
10	Europeans	European	PROPN	Number=Plur	8 carried	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 killed	punct
12	killed	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 carried	parataxis
13	very	very	ADV	_	14 many	advmod
14	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 people	amod
15	native	native	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 people	amod
16	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 killed	obj
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 Americas	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 Americas	det
19	Americas	Americas	PROPN	Number=Plur	16 people	nmod
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 met	punct
21	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	24 met	nsubj
22	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 met	aux
23	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	24 met	advmod
24	met	meet	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	16 people	acl:relcl
25	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 met	obj
26	before	before	ADV	_	24 met	advmod
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 helped	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 helped	cc
29	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	30 helped	nsubj
30	helped	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 killed	conj
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 Spanish	det
32	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 helped	obj
33	conquer	conquer	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	30 helped	xcomp
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 Aztecs	det
35	Aztecs	Aztec	PROPN	Number=Plur	33 conquer	obj
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 Inca	cc
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	38 Inca	det
38	Inca	Inca	PROPN	Number=Sing	35 Aztecs	conj
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 killed	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	carry	participle			after 1492 diseases such smallpox	by Europeans	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	kill	past		many native people of the Americas			vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme
3	not meet	past · perfect	many native people of the Americas	people		before property	vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent
4	help	past	this	the Spanish			vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent spanish=Beneficiary clause=Theme
5	conquer	infinitive	the Spanish not said here	the Aztecs and the Inca			vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aztec=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/15/