Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, sentence 16
The first steam engines pumped water out of coal mines; more coal powered factories and railways, people moved to the towns, and crowded, dirty towns suffered from cholera.
Who acts: first steam engines, more coal, people, crowded dirty towns · What happens: pump, power, move, suffer · To what, where: water, coal mines, factories, towns, cholera
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first steam engines, more coal, people, crowded dirty towns), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 engines | det |
| 2 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 4 engines | amod |
| 3 | steam | steam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 engines | compound |
| 4 | engines | engine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 pumped | nsubj |
| 5 | pumped | pump | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 pumped | obj |
| 7 | out | out | ADP | _ | 10 mines | case |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 mines | case |
| 9 | coal | coal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 mines | compound |
| 10 | mines | mine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 pumped | obl |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 powered | punct |
| 12 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 13 coal | amod |
| 13 | coal | coal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 powered | nsubj |
| 14 | powered | power | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 pumped | conj |
| 15 | factories | factory | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 powered | obj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 railways | cc |
| 17 | railways | railway | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 factories | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 moved | punct |
| 19 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 moved | nsubj |
| 20 | moved | move | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 powered | parataxis |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 towns | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 towns | det |
| 23 | towns | town | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 moved | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 suffered | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 suffered | cc |
| 26 | crowded | crowded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 towns | amod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 crowded | punct |
| 28 | dirty | dirty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 towns | amod |
| 29 | towns | town | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 suffered | nsubj |
| 30 | suffered | suffer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 pumped | conj |
| 31 | from | from | ADP | _ | 32 cholera | case |
| 32 | cholera | cholera | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 suffered | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 pumped | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pump | past | the first steam engines | water | coal mines | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent water=Theme out mine=Destination | |||
| 2 | power | past | more coal | factories and railways | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | move | past | people | the towns | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to town=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | suffer | past | crowded dirty towns | cholera | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/16/