Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, sentence 18
Railways needed timetables, so from the 1840s British railways used London time everywhere, and towns gave up their own local clock times.
Who acts: Railways, British railways, towns · What happens: need, use, give up · To what, where: timetables, 1840s
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Railways, British railways, towns), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Railways | railway | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 needed | nsubj |
| 2 | needed | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | timetables | timetable | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 needed | obj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 1840s | punct |
| 5 | so | so | ADV | _ | 11 used | advmod |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 1840s | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 1840s | det |
| 8 | 1840s | 1840 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 11 used | obl |
| 9 | British | British | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 railways | amod |
| 10 | railways | railway | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 used | nsubj |
| 11 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 needed | conj |
| 12 | London | London | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 time | compound |
| 13 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 used | obj |
| 14 | everywhere | everywhere | ADV | PronType=Tot | 11 used | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 gave | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 gave | cc |
| 17 | towns | town | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 gave | nsubj |
| 18 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 used | conj |
| 19 | up | up | ADP | _ | 18 gave | compound:prt |
| 20 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 times | nmod:poss |
| 21 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 times | amod |
| 22 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 times | amod |
| 23 | clock | clock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 times | compound |
| 24 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 gave | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 needed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | need | past | Railways | timetables | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot timetable=Theme | ||||
| 2 | use | past | British railways | the 1840s | time | everywhere property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||
| 3 | give up | past | towns | time | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/18/