What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares, sentence 16

Speech came long before writing, and in English letters and sounds often do not match: "knee" has four letters but only two sounds, n and ee.

Who acts: Speech, English letters, knee · What happens: come, not match, have · To what, where: writing, four letters

This is a sentence of the lesson «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Speech, English letters, knee), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 came	nsubj
2	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 came	advmod
4	before	before	ADP	_	5 writing	case
5	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 came	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 match	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 match	cc
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 letters	case
9	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 letters	amod
10	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 match	nsubj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 sounds	cc
12	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 letters	conj
13	often	often	ADV	_	16 match	advmod
14	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 match	aux
15	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 match	advmod
16	match	match	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 came	conj
17	:	:	PUNCT	_	21 has	punct
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 knee	punct
19	knee	knee	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 has	nsubj
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 knee	punct
21	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 match	parataxis
22	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	23 letters	nummod
23	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 has	obj
24	but	but	CCONJ	_	27 sounds	cc
25	only	only	ADV	_	27 sounds	advmod
26	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	27 sounds	nummod
27	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 letters	conj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 n	punct
29	n	n	NOUN	_	23 letters	conj
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 ee	cc
31	ee	ee	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 n	conj
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 came	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	come	past	Speech		writing	long property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before writing=Location
2	not match	present · do-support	English letters and sounds			often property	vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	have	present	knee	four letters but two sounds and n and ee			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/16/