What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares, sentence 17
Local words belong to real dialects: in Scotland "dreich" means dull, grey and drizzly and "the day" means today; in the southern US "y'all" means you all and "fixin' to" means about to.
Who acts: Local words, dreich, day, y'all · What happens: belong, mean · To what, where: you
This is a sentence of the lesson «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Local words, dreich, day, y'all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 words | amod |
| 2 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 belong | nsubj |
| 3 | belong | belong | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 dialects | case |
| 5 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 dialects | amod |
| 6 | dialects | dialect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 belong | obl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 means | punct |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 Scotland | case |
| 9 | Scotland | Scotland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 means | obl |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 dreich | punct |
| 11 | dreich | dreich | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 means | nsubj |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 dreich | punct |
| 13 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 belong | parataxis |
| 14 | dull | dull | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 means | xcomp |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 grey | punct |
| 16 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 dull | conj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 drizzly | cc |
| 18 | drizzly | drizzly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 dull | conj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 means | cc |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 day | punct |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 day | det |
| 22 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 means | nsubj |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 day | punct |
| 24 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 means | conj |
| 25 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 means | obl:unmarked |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 means | punct |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 US | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 US | det |
| 29 | southern | southern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 US | amod |
| 30 | US | US | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 means | obl |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 32 y'all | punct |
| 32 | y'all | y'all | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 means | nsubj |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 32 y'all | punct |
| 34 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 belong | parataxis |
| 35 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 34 means | obj |
| 36 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 35 you | det |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 fixin | cc |
| 38 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 fixin | punct |
| 39 | fixin | fixin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 you | conj |
| 40 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 39 fixin | punct |
| 41 | to | to | PART | _ | 43 means | mark |
| 42 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 to | punct |
| 43 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 means | advcl |
| 44 | about | about | ADV | _ | 45 to | advmod |
| 45 | to | to | PART | _ | 43 means | ccomp |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 belong | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | belong | present | Local words | to real dialects | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | mean | present | dreich | in Scotland; dull property | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in scotland=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | mean | present | the day | today | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | mean | present | y'all | you | in the southern US | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot you=Theme in us=Attribute | |||
| 5 | mean | present | y'all not said here | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/17/