What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares, sentence 7
Most words are arbitrary: the link between a word and its meaning is a habit of the speakers, not something in nature.
Who acts: Most words, link · What happens: be, mean · To what, where: habit
This is a sentence of the lesson «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most words, link), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 2 words | amod |
| 2 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 arbitrary | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 arbitrary | cop |
| 4 | arbitrary | arbitrary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 habit | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 link | det |
| 7 | link | link | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 habit | nsubj |
| 8 | between | between | ADP | _ | 10 word | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 word | det |
| 10 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 link | nmod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 meaning | cc |
| 12 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 meaning | nmod:poss |
| 13 | meaning | meaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 word | conj |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 habit | cop |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 habit | det |
| 16 | habit | habit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 arbitrary | conj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 speakers | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 speakers | det |
| 19 | speakers | speaker | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 habit | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 something | punct |
| 21 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 something | advmod |
| 22 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 19 speakers | appos |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 nature | case |
| 24 | nature | nature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 something | nmod |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 arbitrary | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Most words | arbitrary property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | the link between a word and link's meaning | a habit | of the speakers | tree rules | |||
| 3 | mean | link | nom meaning «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/7/