What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares, sentence 8
Grammar is the set of rules for how words fit together; everyone who speaks a language already uses its grammar.
Who acts: Grammar, words, everyone · What happens: be, fit together, speak, use · To what, where: set, language, grammar · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Grammar, words, everyone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Grammar | grammar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 set | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 set | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 set | det |
| 4 | set | set | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 rules | case |
| 6 | rules | rule | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 set | nmod |
| 7 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 10 fit | mark |
| 8 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 10 fit | advmod |
| 9 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 fit | nsubj |
| 10 | fit | fit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 rules | acl:relcl |
| 11 | together | together | ADV | _ | 10 fit | advmod |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 everyone | punct |
| 13 | everyone | everyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 19 uses | nsubj |
| 14 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 speaks | nsubj |
| 15 | speaks | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 everyone | acl:relcl |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 language | det |
| 17 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 speaks | obj |
| 18 | already | already | ADV | _ | 19 uses | advmod |
| 19 | uses | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 set | parataxis |
| 20 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 grammar | nmod:poss |
| 21 | grammar | grammar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 uses | obj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 set | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Grammar | the set | of rules | tree rules | |||
| 2 | fit together | present | words | together property | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | speak speech: other | present | a language | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | use | present | everyone | Language's grammar | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grammar=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/8/