What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares, sentence 9

In English, word order shows who does what: in "The dog bit the man" the dog does the biting, and in "The man bit the dog" the man does.

Who acts: word order, dog, man · What happens: show, do, bit · To what, where: English, man, biting, dog · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (word order, dog, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 English	case
2	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 shows	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 English	punct
4	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 order	compound
5	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shows	nsubj
6	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 does	nsubj
8	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 shows	ccomp
9	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	8 does	obj
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 shows	punct
11	in	in	ADP	_	15 bit	case
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 bit	punct
13	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 dog	det
14	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 bit	nsubj
15	bit	bit	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 does	advcl
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 man	det
17	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 bit	obj
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 bit	punct
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 dog	det
20	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 does	nsubj
21	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 shows	parataxis
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 biting	det
23	biting	biting	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 does	obj
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 does	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 does	cc
26	in	in	ADP	_	30 bit	mark
27	"	"	PUNCT	_	30 bit	punct
28	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 man	det
29	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 bit	nsubj
30	bit	bit	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	36 does	advcl
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 dog	det
32	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 bit	obj
33	"	"	PUNCT	_	30 bit	punct
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 man	det
35	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 does	nsubj
36	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 does	conj
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 shows	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	show	present	word order		English	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	do	present				vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality
3	bit in a quote	past	the dog	the man		tree rules
4	do	present	the dog	the biting		vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent biting=Eventuality
5	bit in a quote	past	the man	the dog		tree rules
6	do	present	the man			vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/9/