Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese, sentence 10
Many words ending in -o add -es (potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes), but some just add -s (pianos, photos, zoos).
Who acts: Many words, some · What happens: end, add · To what, where: o, es, -s
This is a sentence of the lesson «Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many words, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 words | amod |
| 2 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 add | nsubj |
| 3 | ending | end | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 words | acl |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 o | case |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 in | punct |
| 6 | o | o | NOUN | _ | 3 ending | obl |
| 7 | add | add | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 es | punct |
| 9 | es | e | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 add | obj |
| 10 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 11 potatoes | punct |
| 11 | potatoes | potato | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 es | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 tomatoes | punct |
| 13 | tomatoes | tomato | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 potatoes | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 heroes | punct |
| 15 | heroes | hero | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 potatoes | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 echoes | punct |
| 17 | echoes | echo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 es | conj |
| 18 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 17 echoes | punct |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 add | punct |
| 20 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 23 add | cc |
| 21 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 23 add | nsubj |
| 22 | just | just | ADV | _ | 23 add | advmod |
| 23 | add | add | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 add | conj |
| 24 | -s | - | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 add | obj |
| 25 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 26 pianos | punct |
| 26 | pianos | piano | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 -s | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 photos | punct |
| 28 | photos | photo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 -s | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 zoos | punct |
| 30 | zoos | zoo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 -s | conj |
| 31 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 30 zoos | punct |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 words | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | end | gerund | Many words not said here | o | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | add speech: assert | present | Many words | es and potatoes and tomatoes and heroes and echoes | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent e=Patient | ||||
| 3 | add speech: assert | infinitive | some | -s and pianos and photos and zoos | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent -=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:010-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/10/