Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese, sentence 3
Where a word comes from decides a lot: moose came from a Native American (Algonquian) language and mongoose from Marathi, a language of India, so neither has anything to do with goose and neither becomes "meese" or "mongeese".
Who acts: word, moose, neither · What happens: come from, decide, come, have, do, become · To what, where: lot, American Algonquian language, anything, meese
This is a sentence of the lesson «Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (word, moose, neither), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 4 comes | advmod |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 word | det |
| 3 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 comes | nsubj |
| 4 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 decides | advcl |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 4 comes | compound:prt |
| 6 | decides | decide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 lot | det |
| 8 | lot | lot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 decides | obj |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 came | punct |
| 10 | moose | moose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 came | nsubj |
| 11 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 decides | parataxis |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 19 language | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 language | det |
| 14 | Native | native | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 American | amod |
| 15 | American | American | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 language | amod |
| 16 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 17 Algonquian | punct |
| 17 | Algonquian | algonquian | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 language | compound |
| 18 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 17 Algonquian | punct |
| 19 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 came | obl |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 mongoose | cc |
| 21 | mongoose | mongoose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 language | conj |
| 22 | from | from | ADP | _ | 23 Marathi | case |
| 23 | Marathi | Marathi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 mongoose | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 language | punct |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 language | det |
| 26 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 Marathi | appos |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 India | case |
| 28 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 language | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 has | punct |
| 30 | so | so | ADV | _ | 32 has | advmod |
| 31 | neither | neither | DET | PronType=Neg | 32 has | nsubj |
| 32 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 came | parataxis |
| 33 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 32 has | obj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 do | mark |
| 35 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 anything | acl |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 37 goose | case |
| 37 | goose | goose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 do | obl |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 becomes | cc |
| 39 | neither | neither | ADV | _ | 40 becomes | advmod |
| 40 | becomes | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 has | conj |
| 41 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 42 meese | punct |
| 42 | meese | meese | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 becomes | xcomp |
| 43 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 42 meese | punct |
| 44 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 46 mongeese | cc |
| 45 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 46 mongeese | punct |
| 46 | mongeese | mongeese | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 meese | conj |
| 47 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 46 mongeese | punct |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 decides | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come from | present | a word | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | decide | present | a lot | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent lot=Topic | |||||
| 3 | come | past | moose | a American Algonquian language and mongoose from Marathi | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from language=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | have | present | neither | anything | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Patient | ||||
| 5 | do | to-infinitive | neither not said here | anything not said here | with goose | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 6 | become | present | neither not said here | meese or mongeese | neither property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:010-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/3/