Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese, sentence 8

Children is a double plural: Old English already had a plural "cildru", and later the old ending -en was added; oxen keeps the same -en ending.

Who acts: Children, Old English, oxen · What happens: be, have, add, keep · To what, where: double plural, plural, old ending en, same en ending

This is a sentence of the lesson «Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Children, Old English, oxen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 plural	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 plural	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 plural	det
4	double	double	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 plural	amod
5	plural	plural	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 had	punct
7	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 English	amod
8	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 had	nsubj
9	already	already	ADV	_	10 had	advmod
10	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 plural	parataxis
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 plural	det
12	plural	plural	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 had	obj
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 cildru	punct
14	cildru	cildru	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 plural	appos
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 cildru	punct
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 added	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 added	cc
18	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	25 added	advmod
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 en	det
20	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 en	amod
21	ending	ending	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 en	compound
22	-	-	PUNCT	_	23 en	punct
23	en	en	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 added	nsubj:pass
24	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 added	aux:pass
25	added	add	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 had	conj
26	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 plural	punct
27	oxen	oxen	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 keeps	nsubj
28	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 plural	parataxis
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 ending	det
30	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 ending	amod
31	-	-	PUNCT	_	30 same	punct
32	en	en	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 ending	compound
33	ending	ending	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 keeps	obj
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 plural	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Children	a double plural		tree rules
2	have	past	Old English	a plural		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plural=Patient
3	add speech: assert	past · passive		the old ending en	late property	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
4	keep	present	oxen	the same en ending		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ending=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:010-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/8/