Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, sentence 10
-ough has several sounds: though (like go), through (like true), tough (like stuff), cough (like off), bough (like cow), thought (like taught).
Who acts: ough · What happens: have, think, teach · To what, where: several sounds · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters and the mystery of -ough» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ough), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 ough | punct |
| 2 | ough | ough | NOUN | _ | 3 has | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 sounds | amod |
| 5 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 has | obj |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 5 sounds | punct |
| 7 | though | though | ADV | _ | 3 has | advmod |
| 8 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 10 go | punct |
| 9 | like | like | INTJ | _ | 10 go | discourse |
| 10 | go | go | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | obj |
| 11 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 10 go | punct |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 true | punct |
| 13 | through | through | ADP | _ | 16 true | case |
| 14 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 16 true | punct |
| 15 | like | like | ADP | _ | 16 true | case |
| 16 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 has | xcomp |
| 17 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 16 true | punct |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 tough | punct |
| 19 | tough | tough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 true | conj |
| 20 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 22 stuff | punct |
| 21 | like | like | ADP | _ | 22 stuff | case |
| 22 | stuff | stuff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 tough | obl |
| 23 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 22 stuff | punct |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 cough | punct |
| 25 | cough | cough | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 stuff | conj |
| 26 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 28 off | punct |
| 27 | like | like | ADP | _ | 28 off | case |
| 28 | off | off | ADP | _ | 25 cough | appos |
| 29 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 28 off | punct |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 bough | punct |
| 31 | bough | bough | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | conj |
| 32 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 34 cow | punct |
| 33 | like | like | ADP | _ | 34 cow | case |
| 34 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 bough | appos |
| 35 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 34 cow | punct |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 thought | punct |
| 37 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 has | conj |
| 38 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 40 taught | punct |
| 39 | like | like | INTJ | _ | 40 taught | discourse |
| 40 | taught | teach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 thought | ccomp |
| 41 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 40 taught | punct |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | ough | several sounds | though, true property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | think speech: other | past | ough not said here | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | teach speech: other | participle | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/10/