Accents and dialects of Britain and Ireland, sentence 4
No accent is "lazy" or "the worst": each has its own history and rules, and polls that rank accents mostly show people's prejudices; Scots, spoken in Scotland, is even counted as a language closely related to English.
Who acts: accent, each, polls, people · What happens: be, have, rank, show, speak, count · To what, where: own history, accents, prejudices, Scots, Scotland · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Accents and dialects of Britain and Ireland» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (accent, each, polls, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 2 accent | det |
| 2 | accent | accent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 lazy | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 lazy | cop |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 lazy | punct |
| 5 | lazy | lazy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 lazy | punct |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 worst | cc |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 worst | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 worst | det |
| 10 | worst | bad | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 lazy | conj |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 worst | punct |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 has | punct |
| 13 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 has | nsubj |
| 14 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 lazy | parataxis |
| 15 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 history | nmod:poss |
| 16 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 history | amod |
| 17 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 has | obj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 rules | cc |
| 19 | rules | rule | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 history | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 polls | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 show | cc |
| 22 | polls | poll | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 show | nsubj |
| 23 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 rank | nsubj |
| 24 | rank | rank | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 polls | acl:relcl |
| 25 | accents | accent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 rank | obj |
| 26 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 27 show | advmod |
| 27 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 has | conj |
| 28 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 prejudices | nmod:poss |
| 29 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 28 people | case |
| 30 | prejudices | prejudice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 show | obj |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 Scots | punct |
| 32 | Scots | Scot | PROPN | Number=Plur | 40 counted | nsubj:pass |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 spoken | punct |
| 34 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 Scots | acl |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 Scotland | case |
| 36 | Scotland | Scotland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 spoken | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 counted | punct |
| 38 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 counted | aux:pass |
| 39 | even | even | ADV | _ | 40 counted | advmod |
| 40 | counted | count | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 has | conj |
| 41 | as | as | ADP | _ | 43 language | case |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 language | det |
| 43 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 counted | obl |
| 44 | closely | closely | ADV | _ | 45 related | advmod |
| 45 | related | related | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 language | amod |
| 46 | to | to | ADP | _ | 47 English | case |
| 47 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 related | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 lazy | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | no accent | lazy property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be in a quote | no accent not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | have | present | each | accent's own history and rules | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent history=Patient | ||||
| 4 | rank | present | polls | accents | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent accent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | show | present | polls | people's prejudices | mostly property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent prejudice=Recipient | |||
| 6 | speak speech: other | participle | Scots not said here | Scotland | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | count | present · passive | Scots | as a language | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Theme as language=Attribute | ||||
| 8 | prejudice | people | nom prejudice «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:018-accents-and-dialects-of-britain-and-ireland.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/18-accents-and-dialects-of-britain-and-ireland/4/