Accents and dialects around the world, sentence 10
In Singapore English (Singlish) "Can or not?" means is that possible?, "Can lah!" means yes, sure, and "lah" adds feeling; Singlish mixes English with Malay, Chinese languages and Tamil.
Who acts: that, lah, Singlish · What happens: mean, be, add, mix · To what, where: feeling, English · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Accents and dialects around the world» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that, lah, Singlish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 English | case |
| 2 | Singapore | Singapore | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 English | compound |
| 3 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 means | obl |
| 4 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 5 Singlish | punct |
| 5 | Singlish | Singlish | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 English | appos |
| 6 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 5 Singlish | punct |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 Can | punct |
| 8 | Can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 English | acl:relcl |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 not | cc |
| 10 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 8 Can | conj |
| 11 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 8 Can | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 Can | punct |
| 13 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 possible | cop |
| 15 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 16 possible | nsubj |
| 16 | possible | possible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 means | ccomp |
| 17 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 13 means | punct |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 means | punct |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 Can | punct |
| 20 | Can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 means | aux |
| 21 | lah | lah | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 means | nsubj |
| 22 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 21 lah | punct |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 lah | punct |
| 24 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 means | parataxis |
| 25 | yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 27 sure | discourse |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 yes | punct |
| 27 | sure | sure | INTJ | _ | 24 means | discourse |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 feeling | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 adds | cc |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 lah | punct |
| 31 | lah | lah | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 adds | nsubj |
| 32 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 lah | punct |
| 33 | adds | add | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 means | conj |
| 34 | feeling | feeling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 adds | obj |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 mixes | punct |
| 36 | Singlish | Singlish | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 mixes | nsubj |
| 37 | mixes | mix | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 means | conj |
| 38 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 mixes | obj |
| 39 | with | with | ADP | _ | 40 Malay | case |
| 40 | Malay | malay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 mixes | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 languages | punct |
| 42 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 languages | amod |
| 43 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 Malay | conj |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 Tamil | cc |
| 45 | Tamil | Tamil | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 languages | conj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | in Singapore English | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in english=Attribute | |||||
| 2 | is | present | that | possible property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | mean | can | lah | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | add speech: assert | present | lah | feeling | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feeling=Patient | ||||
| 5 | mix | present | Singlish | English | with Malay and Chinese languages and Tamil | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent english=Patient with malay=Co-Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:019-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×4, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/19-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world/10/