Accents and dialects around the world, sentence 9
In Indian English "do the needful" means do what is needed, "revert" often means reply, and "prepone" means move to an earlier time; Indian English is spoken by many millions.
Who acts: revert, prepone, many millions · What happens: do, mean, need, move, speak · To what, where: needful, Indian English, reply · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Accents and dialects around the world» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (revert, prepone, many millions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 English | case |
| 2 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 English | amod |
| 3 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 do | obl |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 English | punct |
| 5 | do | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 means | nsubj |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 needful | det |
| 7 | needful | needful | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 do | obj |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 needful | punct |
| 9 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | do | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 means | ccomp |
| 11 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 10 do | obj |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 needed | aux:pass |
| 13 | needed | need | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 what | acl:relcl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 means | punct |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 revert | punct |
| 16 | revert | revert | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 means | nsubj |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 revert | punct |
| 18 | often | often | ADV | _ | 19 means | advmod |
| 19 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 means | conj |
| 20 | reply | reply | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 means | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 means | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 means | cc |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 prepone | punct |
| 24 | prepone | prepone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 means | nsubj |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 prepone | punct |
| 26 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 means | conj |
| 27 | move | move | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 means | xcomp |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 time | case |
| 29 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 time | det |
| 30 | earlier | early | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 31 time | amod |
| 31 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 move | obl |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 spoken | punct |
| 33 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 English | amod |
| 34 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 spoken | nsubj |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 spoken | aux:pass |
| 36 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 means | conj |
| 37 | by | by | ADP | _ | 39 millions | case |
| 38 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 millions | amod |
| 39 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 spoken | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 do | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do in a quote | present | the needful | Indian English | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent needful=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | mean | present | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 3 | do | present | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | ||||||
| 4 | need | present · passive | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF» | ||||||
| 5 | mean | present | revert | reply | often property | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reply=Topic | |||
| 6 | mean | present | prepone | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | move not said to happen | infinitive | prepone not said here | time | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | speak speech: other | present · passive | many millions | Indian English | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:019-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/19-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world/9/