Is there one proper English? The big arguments, sentence 4

English belongs to everyone who speaks it: there are more people speaking it as a second language than as a first, and a Kenyan, Nigerian or Indian speaker may have spoken it all their life, so "Your English is very good!" can be a strange thing to say.

Who acts: English, more people, Kenyan Nigerian Indian speaker · What happens: belong, speak, be, say · To what, where: Académie, good strange thing · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Is there one proper English? The big arguments» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English, more people, Kenyan Nigerian Indian speaker), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 belongs	nsubj
2	belongs	belong	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	4 everyone	case
4	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	2 belongs	obl
5	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 speaks	nsubj
6	speaks	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 everyone	acl:relcl
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 speaks	obj
8	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 are	punct
9	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	10 are	expl
10	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 belongs	parataxis
11	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 people	amod
12	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 are	nsubj
13	speaking	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 people	acl
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 speaking	obj
15	as	as	ADP	_	18 language	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 language	det
17	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	18 language	amod
18	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 speaking	obl
19	than	than	ADP	_	38 life	case
20	as	as	SCONJ	_	38 life	mark
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 first	det
22	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	26 Kenyan	advmod
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 Kenyan	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 Kenyan	cc
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 Kenyan	det
26	Kenyan	kenyan	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 speaker	amod
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 Kenyan	punct
28	Nigerian	Nigerian	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 speaker	amod
29	or	or	CCONJ	_	28 Nigerian	cc
30	Indian	Indian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 speaker	amod
31	speaker	speaker	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 spoken	nsubj
32	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	34 spoken	aux
33	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	34 spoken	aux
34	spoken	speak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 are	conj
35	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 spoken	obj
36	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	38 life	det:predet
37	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	38 life	nmod:poss
38	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 spoken	obl
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	46 good	punct
40	so	so	ADV	_	46 good	advmod
41	"	"	PUNCT	_	46 good	punct
42	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	43 English	nmod:poss
43	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	46 good	nsubj
44	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	46 good	cop
45	very	very	ADV	_	46 good	advmod
46	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	53 thing	amod
47	!	!	PUNCT	_	46 good	punct
48	"	"	PUNCT	_	46 good	punct
49	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	53 thing	aux
50	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	53 thing	cop
51	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	53 thing	det
52	strange	strange	ADJ	Degree=Pos	53 thing	amod
53	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 belongs	parataxis
54	to	to	PART	_	55 say	mark
55	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	53 thing	acl
56	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 belongs	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	belong	present	English			to everyone	vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme
2	speak speech: other	present		Académie			tree rules
3	does	present	more people		there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	speak speech: other	gerund	more people not said here	Académie		as a second language	tree rules
5	speak speech: other	may · perfect	Kenyan Nigerian Indian speaker	Académie		than People's life	tree rules
6	is in a quote	present	Your English			good property	tree rules
7	is a	can		a good strange thing			tree rules
8	say speech: express	to-infinitive	English not said here				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:020-is-there-one-proper-english.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/20-is-there-one-proper-english/4/