Is there one proper English? The big arguments, sentence 5
In 1712 Jonathan Swift called for rules to stop English changing; people have complained about young people "ruining" English for centuries.
Who acts: Jonathan, people · What happens: call, stop, change, complain, ruin · To what, where: 1712, English · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Is there one proper English? The big arguments» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jonathan, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 1712 | case |
| 2 | 1712 | 1712 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 called | obl |
| 3 | Jonathan | Jonathan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 called | nsubj |
| 4 | Swift | Swift | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Jonathan | flat |
| 5 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 rules | case |
| 7 | rules | rule | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 called | obl |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 stop | mark |
| 9 | stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 rules | acl |
| 10 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 stop | obj |
| 11 | changing | change | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 stop | xcomp |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 complained | punct |
| 13 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 complained | nsubj |
| 14 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 complained | aux |
| 15 | complained | complain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 called | parataxis |
| 16 | about | about | ADP | _ | 18 people | case |
| 17 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 people | amod |
| 18 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 complained | obl |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 ruining | punct |
| 20 | ruining | ruin | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 complained | advcl |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 ruining | punct |
| 22 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 ruining | obj |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 24 centuries | case |
| 24 | centuries | century | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 ruining | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 called | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call speech: assert | past | Jonathan | 1712 | for rules | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for rule=Recipient | |||
| 2 | stop | to-infinitive | Jonathan not said here | English | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | change | gerund | Jonathan not said here | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | complain speech: other | present · perfect | people | about young people | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about people=Topic | ||||
| 5 | ruin in a quote | gerund | people not said here | English | century | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent english=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:020-is-there-one-proper-english.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/20-is-there-one-proper-english/5/