Where English came from, sentence 8
"Beowulf" is an Old English poem about a hero, written down about 1,000 years ago; today it has to be translated.
Who acts: Beowulf, language · What happens: be, write down, have, translate · To what, where: Old English poem
This is a sentence of the lesson «Where English came from» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Beowulf, language), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Beowulf | punct |
| 2 | Beowulf | Beowulf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 poem | nsubj |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Beowulf | punct |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 poem | cop |
| 5 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 poem | det |
| 6 | Old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 poem | amod |
| 7 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 poem | amod |
| 8 | poem | poem | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | about | about | ADP | _ | 11 hero | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 hero | det |
| 11 | hero | hero | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 poem | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 written | punct |
| 13 | written | write | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 poem | parataxis |
| 14 | down | down | ADP | _ | 13 written | compound:prt |
| 15 | about | about | ADV | _ | 16 1,000 | advmod |
| 16 | 1,000 | 1000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 17 years | nummod |
| 17 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 18 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 13 written | advmod |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 has | punct |
| 20 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 has | obl:unmarked |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 has | nsubj |
| 22 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 poem | parataxis |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 translated | mark |
| 24 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 25 translated | aux:pass |
| 25 | translated | translate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 has | xcomp |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 poem | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- other
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Beowulf | a Old English poem | about a hero | tree rules | |||
| 2 | write down | participle | ago property | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | have | present | language | today | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | translate | to-infinitive · passive | language not said here | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:022-where-english-came-from.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/8/