Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, sentence 9
The printer William Caxton told a story from the 1400s: a woman in the south did not understand a man asking for "eggys", but understood "eyren", the southern English word; in the end "eggs" won.
Who acts: printer, woman, man, eggs · What happens: tell, not understand, ask, understand, win · To what, where: story, 1400s, man, eyren, end · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (printer, woman, man, eggs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 printer | det |
| 2 | printer | printer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 told | nsubj |
| 3 | William | William | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 printer | appos |
| 4 | Caxton | Caxton | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 William | flat |
| 5 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 story | det |
| 7 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 told | obj |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 1400s | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 1400s | det |
| 10 | 1400s | 1400 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 7 story | nmod |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 woman | punct |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 woman | det |
| 13 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 understand | nsubj |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 south | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 south | det |
| 16 | south | south | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 woman | nmod |
| 17 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 understand | aux |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 understand | advmod |
| 19 | understand | understand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 told | parataxis |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 man | det |
| 21 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 understand | obj |
| 22 | asking | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 man | acl |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 25 eggys | case |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 eggys | punct |
| 25 | eggys | eggy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 asking | obl |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 eggys | punct |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 understood | punct |
| 28 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 29 understood | cc |
| 29 | understood | understand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 understand | conj |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 eyren | punct |
| 31 | eyren | eyren | NOUN | _ | 29 understood | obj |
| 32 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 eyren | punct |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 word | punct |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 word | det |
| 35 | southern | southern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 word | amod |
| 36 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 word | amod |
| 37 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 eyren | appos |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 41 end | punct |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 end | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 end | det |
| 41 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 won | obl |
| 42 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 43 eggs | punct |
| 43 | eggs | egg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 won | nsubj |
| 44 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 43 eggs | punct |
| 45 | won | win | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 told | conj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 told | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | the printer | a story | the 1400s | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient | |||
| 2 | not understand | past · do-support | a woman in the south | a man | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | gerund | a man not said here | for eggys | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | understand | past | a woman in the south not said here | eyren | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer eyren=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | win | past | eggs | in the end | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V PP.eventuality S_ING»: agent=Agent in end=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/9/