Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, sentence 8

"They", "them" and "their" came from Old Norse; borrowing such small everyday words is unusual and shows how closely the two peoples lived.

Who acts: Shirt, two peoples · What happens: come, borrow, be, show, live · To what, where: Old Norse, such small everyday words · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shirt, two peoples), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 came	punct
2	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 came	nsubj
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 They	punct
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 They	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 them	punct
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 They	conj
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 them	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 their	cc
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 their	punct
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 They	conj
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 their	punct
12	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	from	from	ADP	_	15 Norse	case
14	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 Norse	amod
15	Norse	Norse	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 came	obl
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 borrowing	punct
17	borrowing	borrow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 came	advcl
18	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 words	amod
19	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 words	amod
20	everyday	everyday	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 words	amod
21	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 borrowing	obj
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 unusual	cop
23	unusual	unusual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 borrowing	ccomp
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 shows	cc
25	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 unusual	conj
26	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	27 closely	advmod
27	closely	closely	ADV	_	31 lived	advmod
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 peoples	det
29	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	30 peoples	nummod
30	peoples	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 lived	nsubj
31	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 shows	ccomp
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 came	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	come	past	Shirt		Old Norse		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from norse=Initial_Location
2	borrow	gerund	Shirt not said here	such small everyday words			vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme
3	is	present	Shirt not said here			unusual property	tree rules
4	show	present	Shirt not said here				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	live	past	the two peoples			closely property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/8/