Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, sentence 7
"Shirt" and "skirt" began as the same old word: "shirt" is the English form and "skirt" the Norse form.
Who acts: Shirt · What happens: begin, be · To what, where: Norse form, English form
This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shirt), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Shirt | punct |
| 2 | Shirt | shirt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 began | nsubj |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Shirt | punct |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 skirt | cc |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 skirt | punct |
| 6 | skirt | skirt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Shirt | conj |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 skirt | punct |
| 8 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | as | as | ADP | _ | 13 word | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 word | det |
| 11 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 word | amod |
| 12 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 word | amod |
| 13 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 began | obl |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 form | punct |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 shirt | punct |
| 16 | shirt | shirt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 form | nsubj |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 shirt | punct |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 form | cop |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 form | det |
| 20 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 form | amod |
| 21 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 word | appos |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 skirt | cc |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 skirt | punct |
| 24 | skirt | skirt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 form | conj |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 skirt | punct |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 form | det |
| 27 | Norse | norse | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 form | amod |
| 28 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 began | obj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 began | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | Shirt and skirt | the Norse form | as the same old word | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Eventuality | |||
| 2 | is a | present | shirt | the English form and skirt | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/7/