Idioms taken literally, sentence 1

Grandad looks out and says "It's raining cats and dogs!", and little Kai runs to the window to look for falling pets; Grandad only meant it is raining very hard.

Who acts: Grandad, It, little Kai · What happens: look out, say, rain, run, look, fall · To what, where: cats · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Idioms taken literally» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Grandad, It, little Kai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 looks	nsubj
2	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	out	out	ADP	_	2 looks	compound:prt
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 says	cc
5	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 looks	conj
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 raining	punct
7	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 raining	nsubj
8	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 raining	aux
9	raining	rain	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 says	ccomp
10	cats	cat	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 raining	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 dogs	cc
12	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 cats	conj
13	!	!	PUNCT	_	9 raining	punct
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 raining	punct
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 runs	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 runs	cc
17	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 Kai	amod
18	Kai	Kai	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 runs	nsubj
19	runs	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 looks	conj
20	to	to	ADP	_	22 window	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 window	det
22	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 runs	obl
23	to	to	PART	_	24 look	mark
24	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 runs	advcl
25	for	for	ADP	_	27 pets	case
26	falling	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	27 pets	amod
27	pets	pet	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 look	obl
28	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 meant	punct
29	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 meant	nsubj
30	only	only	ADV	_	31 meant	advmod
31	meant	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 looks	parataxis
32	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 raining	nsubj
33	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	34 raining	aux
34	raining	rain	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	31 meant	ccomp
35	very	very	ADV	_	36 hard	advmod
36	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	34 raining	advmod
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 looks	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed voice=narrator

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	look out	present	Grandad			vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
2	say speech: express	present	Grandad not said here			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	rain in a quote	present · progressive	It	cats and dogs		tree rules
4	run	present	little Kai		to the window result	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to window=Result
5	look	to-infinitive	little Kai not said here		for falling pets	vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for pet=Theme
6	fall	gerund				vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	mean	past	Grandad			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
8	rain	present · progressive	it		hard property	vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:025-idioms-taken-literally.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/25-idioms-taken-literally/1/